cacao buyers walnut oil oil extractor in sudan

                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  • Does oil affect export diversification in Sudan?
  • Nour (2011), in her qualitative study, claims that while oil accelerated growth in Sudan, it also induced a lack of export diversification. The lack of diversification in combination with fiscal dependence on oil resulted also in substantial macroeconomic and fiscal volatility (Nour 2012; Suliman 2016).
  • Is Sudan an oil-rich or oil-dependent economy?
  • Sudan is a particularly interesting case to examine. Sudan was not always an oil-rich or oil-dependent economy. Significant oil production started in 1999 during the presidency of Omar Al-Bashir; shortly after, the extractive industry accounted for the vast majority of exports.
  • When did Sudan start producing oil?
  • Significant oil production started in 1999 during the presidency of Omar Al-Bashir; shortly after, the extractive industry accounted for the vast majority of exports. Between 1999 and 2011, the years when Sudan was still in control of the oil fields currently located in South Sudan), the economy grew impressively at an average annual rate of 5.8%.
  • When did oil rents become a problem in South Sudan?
  • The first oil rents started materializing already since 1992 (although small in relation to GDP, e.g., 0.017% in 1992 gradually increasing to 0.127% by 1998). Since 2011 (after the cessation of South Sudan), dependence on oil decreased significantly, although in recent years oil rents still contribute to about 1% of Sudan¡¯s GDP.
  • Why did South Sudan lose oil in 2011?
  • The secession of South Sudan in 2011 triggered a major economic shock with a loss of approximately three quarters of all known oil reserves. As a result of this, Sudan¡¯s oil dependence decreased substantially and abruptly, and no other sector was able to compensate for the loss of oil revenues.
  • Does Sudan have a resource curse?
  • An excellent overview of Sudan¡¯s manifestation of resource curse mechanisms is provided by Suliman (2016). In particular, he outlines the importance of Dutch Disease and fiscal mismanagement challenges for Sudan¡¯s macroeconomic performance and economic diversification (during the years of Sudan¡¯s oil boom).